通过源码安装Geant4 // Nine

今天拿我师兄的Geant4模拟在mac运行又运行不了了，折腾后发现似乎要重装Geant4。虽然Geant4我不会用，但是安装Geant4我还是蛮有经验的！我在ubuntu、arch、mac上都多次安装过Geant4，所以趁这个机会，就把安装Geant4作为我的第一篇帖子吧。

官方教程

我是计算机小白，如果有想将这篇帖子作为教程来安装Geant4的话还是有很大的风险的，所以还是以官方教程为准，这里说点题外话，我在折腾arch的时候，每次遇到问题去问师兄A，他会让我去查arch的wiki，去问师兄B，他会让我去问ai，我现在每次想问他们问题的时候，都会选择直接去问ai还有查wiki了，所以大家也要养成自己查wiki的好习惯！有很多问题其实仔细查阅wiki都能自己解决的。现在的ai很强大了，就算wiki上查不到，去问ai也是可以解决大部分问题的，当然这些都是我根据个人经验来看是这样的。不过上面提到的两个师兄人其实是非常好的，只能说他们让我体会到什么叫作”授人以鱼不如授人以渔“。

打开Geant4官网https://geant4.web.cern.ch/，选择Docs项， Geant4主页

然后选择Installation Guide， docs

这里就是如何安装Geant4的官方教程。 installation

MacOS

跟着大佬学着列一下我的设备和环境：

MacBookPro(M2 2022)
OS: macOS 14.4.1 23E224 arm64
Shell: zsh 5.9
Homebrew 4.5.8

总结

为了省流，我把总结放在前面，我自己安装时候的记录放在了后面。

1. 下载Geant4源码和相关依赖

在Geant4官网https://geant4.web.cern.ch/主页的Download内下载"Source code"(我下载的是"tar")，还有"Datasets"下的所有数据。相关依赖我能记得的只有qt5、cmake了，qt需要安装码？先就安装这三个吧。xerces-c是GDML的依赖，因为我后面开启了GDML，如果不开启的话应该不需要安装xerces-c。不过看到有大佬安装提到了CLHEP，我不清楚这个是否需要安装，去可能是CLHEP的wiki上看了一眼，似乎不是必须要手动安装的？总之安装一下也无妨。打开终端，

brew install cmake
brew install clhep
brew install qt
brew install qt5
brew install xerces-c

然后解压下载的源码。这里我把源码解压到主目录下新建的文件夹Geant4中。

cd ~
mkdir Geant4
cd Geant4
tar -xf ~/Downloads/geant4-v11.3.2.tar

“geant4-v11.3.2.tar"是我下载的Geant4源码压缩包的文件名，请修改成自己下载的压缩包的文件名。

2. 配置qt5环境

终端内输入

nano ~/.zshrc

我这里用的文本编辑器是nano，MacOS似乎默认包含nano，如果没有也可以用brew安装一下，也可以选择其他文本编辑器。执行上面的命令之后将下面的4行代码写入到文件内，然后按control+x退出，输入y按两次回车保存。

export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFLAGS}"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH}"
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"

退出之后source一下

source ~/.zshrc

3. 编译安装

我想在主目录下刚刚新建的Geant4文件夹内安装Geant4，所以就先在这个文件夹内新建一个build文件夹和一个install文件夹。

cd ~/Geant4
mkdir G4_build G4_install
ls
cd G4_build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2

”-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX= ~/Geant4/G4_install“和”-DGEANT4_USE_QT= ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2“中间的内容是设置开关Geant4的一些选项，可以在Geant4安装教程的standard options内查询相关功能的介绍，开关其他功能需要输入”-D“+选项的名字+”=ON/OFF“。安装完之后如果需要开启某些选项，需要重新cmake，所以源码不要删。cmake这一步会弹出一堆输出，大致内容就是关于data文件的，可以先不管，如果是其他报错建议复制报错给ai或者网上搜索。cmake结束后，

make -j4

make -jN “where is the number of parallel jobs you require N”，N是同时并行的任务数，和CPU核心数有关。

make install

上述两个命令运行的时候都要注意输出的waring。

4. 创建DATA文件

可以把下载的DATA文件先随便放在一个文件夹中，比如我放在Downloads下的G4DATA文件夹内，然后终端输入，

cp ~/Downloads/G4DATA/* ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
cd ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
for tar in *.tar.gz;  do tar xvf $tar; done
rm *.tar.gz
ls

不过要注意下载的DATA文件后缀是不是tar.gz，或者不用上面的命令，直接用Finder去文件夹里面将数据文件解压后复制到Geant4安装目录下的share/Geant4/data文件夹内。上面的ls命令是为了看data文件是否是完整的。

5. 配置Geant4环境

nano ~/.zshrc

在最后面写入

source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh

上述路径都以自己的为准。保存退出之后source一下.zshrc，或者重启一下终端。

source ~/.zshrc

6. 运行example B1

运行一下example B1看有没有安装成功。

cd ~/Geant4
cp -r G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic G4_examples
cd G4_examples
mkdir B1_build
cd B1_build
cmake ../B1
make -j4
./exampleB1

出现下图一样的可视化窗口就说明Geant4安装成功了。 exampleB1 如果有其他问题可以在B站私信我，一起讨论共同成长。

踩坑

先在官网下载源码和所有DATA文件，mac上面我下载下来的文件名字是"Darwin-clang17.0.0-Sequoia.tar.gz”，根据官方教程第一步是解压这个文件到想要的位置。先在主目录下新建一个文件夹，然后解压，在终端中输入下面的命令。

cd 
mkdir Geant4
cd Geant4
tar -xzf ~/Downloads/Darwin-clang17.0.0-Sequoia.tar.gz

第二步是新建一个build文件夹并且进入，然后运行cmake，我顺便再新建一下install文件夹，接着上面的命令继续输入，不要退出终端。

mkdir G4_install G4_build
cd G4_build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install ~/Geant4/Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin

报错如下。

CMake Warning:
  Ignoring extra path from command line:

   "/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin"


CMake Error: The source directory "/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin" does not appear to contain CMakeLists.txt.
Specify --help for usage, or press the help button on the CMake GUI.
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build %

复制下来去问ai，结果发现是我下错源码了，我下载错成Binary releases了。。。 OK，下载好源码之后重新跑一遍上面的代码。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ..  
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
G4_build		G4_install		Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % rm -rf Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd G4_build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % tar ~/Downloads/geant4-v11.3.2.tar 
Usage:
  List:    tar -tf <archive-filename>
  Extract: tar -xf <archive-filename>
  Create:  tar -cf <archive-filename> [filenames...]
  Help:    tar --help

似乎是tar没加-xf，但是上面为什么是接-xzf，直接问ai。z是gzip，因为上面解压的文件有后缀.gz，但是如果有后缀.gz，不用-xzf就不能解压吗？我回头试了一下tar -xf ~/Downloads/Darwin-clang17.0.0-Sequoia.tar.gz，然而还是可以解压。ChatGPT告诉我我的tar是智能版，可以自动调用gzip解压，不知道有没有在骗我。回到正题。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
G4_build	G4_install

Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin我已经删除，这里我用ls检查一下有没有删掉。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % tar -xf ~/Downloads/geant4-v11.3.2.tar
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
G4_build	G4_install	geant4-v11.3.2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd G4_build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Checking C++ feature CXXSTDLIB_FILESYSTEM_NATIVE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS - Success
-- Found EXPAT: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/usr/lib/libexpat.tbd (found version "2.5.0")
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4NDL (4.7.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PII (1.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RealSurface (2.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ABLA (3.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4INCL (1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4CHANNELING (1.0)
  *WARNING*
    Geant4 has been pre-configured to look for datasets
    in the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    but the following datasets are NOT present on disk at
    that location:
 
    G4NDL (4.7.1)
    G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
    PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
    RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
    G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
    G4PII (1.3)
    RealSurface (2.2)
    G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
    G4ABLA (3.3)
    G4INCL (1.2)
    G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
    G4CHANNELING (1.0)
 
 -  If you have access to cvmfs, you can use standard datasets
    by reconfiguring with:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATADIR=/cvmfs/geant4.cern.ch/share/data <...>
    The variable can also be set in ccmake or cmake-gui.
 -  If you want to have these datasets installed by Geant4,
    simply re-run cmake with GEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON. This will
    configure the build to download and install these datasets for you.
    For example, use:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON <otherargs>
 
    If you're running on a Windows system, this is the best
    solution as CMake will unpack the datasets for you
    without any further software being required
 
 -  Alternatively, you can install these datasets manually
    now or after you have installed Geant4. To do this,
    download the following files:
 
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RealSurface.2.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz
 
    and unpack them under the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    As we supply the datasets packed in gzipped tar files,
    you will need the 'tar' utility to unpack them.
 
    Nota bene: Missing datasets will not affect or break
               compilation and installation of the Geant4
               libraries.
 
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of off64_t
-- Check size of off64_t - failed
-- Looking for fseeko
-- Looking for fseeko - found
-- Looking for unistd.h
-- Looking for unistd.h - found
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP - Success
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_STATIC_LIBS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_SHARED_LIBS - ON
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_OBJECT_LIBS - 
-- Building PTL with CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD - 17
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_COVERAGE - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_SANITIZER - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_CLANG_TIDY - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_TBB - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_LOCKS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_HEADERS - ON
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_CONFIG - ON
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- The following Geant4 features are enabled:
CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD: Compiling against C++ Standard '17'
GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED: Build multithread enabled libraries
GEANT4_BUILD_TLS_MODEL: Building with TLS model 'initial-exec'
GEANT4_USE_SYSTEM_EXPAT: Using system EXPAT library

-- Configuring done (2.6s)
-- Generating done (0.5s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_build

这个报错和官方教程提到的一模一样，应该就是DATA文件缺失，DATA文件也是在官网的Download界面下载，我前面已经下载过了，按照教程，应该是需要解压到~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data文件夹下，/Users/ninependoragon路径中ninependoragon是我的用户名，如果真的有萌新跟着这篇帖子来安装Geant4的话，请注意把这个改成自己的用户名。不过我记得是得先make完之后再添加data文件。教程下一步是在cmake中激活Geant4的一些功能。

cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON

这个功能是自动下载DATA文件，很久以前我第一次安装Geant4的时候好像有人告诉过我这个一般就选off关掉，当然默认是关掉。所以我没有运行上面的命令。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON
CMake Error: Could not create named generator EANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON

Generators
* Unix Makefiles               = Generates standard UNIX makefiles.
  Ninja                        = Generates build.ninja files.
  Ninja Multi-Config           = Generates build-<Config>.ninja files.
  Watcom WMake                 = Generates Watcom WMake makefiles.
  Xcode                        = Generate Xcode project files.
  CodeBlocks - Ninja           = Generates CodeBlocks project files
                                 (deprecated).
  CodeBlocks - Unix Makefiles  = Generates CodeBlocks project files
                                 (deprecated).
  CodeLite - Ninja             = Generates CodeLite project files
                                 (deprecated).
  CodeLite - Unix Makefiles    = Generates CodeLite project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Eclipse CDT4 - Ninja         = Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Eclipse CDT4 - Unix Makefiles= Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Kate - Ninja                 = Generates Kate project files (deprecated).
  Kate - Ninja Multi-Config    = Generates Kate project files (deprecated).
  Kate - Unix Makefiles        = Generates Kate project files (deprecated).
  Sublime Text 2 - Ninja       = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Sublime Text 2 - Unix Makefiles
                               = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files
                                 (deprecated).

CMake Warning:
  No source or binary directory provided.  Both will be assumed to be the
  same as the current working directory, but note that this warning will
  become a fatal error in future CMake releases.

似乎没有cmake成功，删掉这个build文件夹重来试试。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % rm -rf G4_build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % mkdir G4_build
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd G4_build

不过删除之后我发现好像是刚刚命令行输错了，-GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON少了个D。。。，上面的操作应该是没有问题的，想加什么功能就重新cmake -D 就好了

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Checking C++ feature CXXSTDLIB_FILESYSTEM_NATIVE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS - Success
-- Found EXPAT: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/usr/lib/libexpat.tbd (found version "2.5.0")
CMake Error at /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.29.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:230 (message):
  Failed to find XercesC (missing: XercesC_LIBRARY XercesC_INCLUDE_DIR
  XercesC_VERSION)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.29.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:600 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.29.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindXercesC.cmake:112 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS)
  cmake/Modules/G4OptionalComponents.cmake:165 (find_package)
  cmake/Modules/G4CMakeMain.cmake:59 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:49 (include)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

其实我就是为了DGEANT4_USE_GDML才重新安装Geant4的，上次安装Geant4已经是两年前，源码那个时候不太懂所以应该是删掉了，不然重新cmake一下应该就行了。不过这里出现错误了，先复制给ai看看。“这是因为你开启了 -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON，Geant4 需要使用 Xerces-C++ 这个库来处理 GDML，但你本机没装这个库，或者 CMake 找不到它。”，那么就安装一个xerces-c吧。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % brew install xerces-c
==> Downloading https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api/formul
==> Downloading https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api/cask.j
==> Fetching xerces-c
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/xerces-c-3.3.0.arm6
######################################################################### 100.0%
==> Pouring xerces-c-3.3.0.arm64_sonoma.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/xerces-c/3.3.0: 1,715 files, 39.0MB
==> Running `brew cleanup xerces-c`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
-- Checking C++ feature CXXSTDLIB_FILESYSTEM_NATIVE - Success
-- Found XercesC: /opt/homebrew/lib/libxerces-c.dylib (found version "3.3.0")
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4NDL (4.7.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PII (1.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RealSurface (2.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ABLA (3.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4INCL (1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4CHANNELING (1.0)
  *WARNING*
    Geant4 has been pre-configured to look for datasets
    in the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    but the following datasets are NOT present on disk at
    that location:
 
    G4NDL (4.7.1)
    G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
    PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
    RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
    G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
    G4PII (1.3)
    RealSurface (2.2)
    G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
    G4ABLA (3.3)
    G4INCL (1.2)
    G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
    G4CHANNELING (1.0)
 
 -  If you have access to cvmfs, you can use standard datasets
    by reconfiguring with:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATADIR=/cvmfs/geant4.cern.ch/share/data <...>
    The variable can also be set in ccmake or cmake-gui.
 -  If you want to have these datasets installed by Geant4,
    simply re-run cmake with GEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON. This will
    configure the build to download and install these datasets for you.
    For example, use:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON <otherargs>
 
    If you're running on a Windows system, this is the best
    solution as CMake will unpack the datasets for you
    without any further software being required
 
 -  Alternatively, you can install these datasets manually
    now or after you have installed Geant4. To do this,
    download the following files:
 
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RealSurface.2.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz
 
    and unpack them under the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    As we supply the datasets packed in gzipped tar files,
    you will need the 'tar' utility to unpack them.
 
    Nota bene: Missing datasets will not affect or break
               compilation and installation of the Geant4
               libraries.
 
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of off64_t
-- Check size of off64_t - failed
-- Looking for fseeko
-- Looking for fseeko - found
-- Looking for unistd.h
-- Looking for unistd.h - found
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP - Success
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_STATIC_LIBS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_SHARED_LIBS - ON
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_OBJECT_LIBS - 
-- Building PTL with CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD - 17
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_COVERAGE - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_SANITIZER - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_CLANG_TIDY - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_TBB - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_LOCKS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_HEADERS - ON
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_CONFIG - ON
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- The following Geant4 features are enabled:
CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD: Compiling against C++ Standard '17'
GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED: Build multithread enabled libraries
GEANT4_BUILD_TLS_MODEL: Building with TLS model 'initial-exec'
GEANT4_USE_SYSTEM_EXPAT: Using system EXPAT library
GEANT4_USE_GDML: Building Geant4 with GDML support

-- Configuring done (1.9s)
-- Generating done (0.5s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_build

和之前差不多同样的输出。教程下一步是make。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % make

然后就是等待。

...
[ 88%] Building CXX object source/CMakeFiles/G4mctruth.dir/persistency/mctruth/src/G4VPHitsCollectionIO.cc.o
[ 88%] Linking CXX shared library ../BuildProducts/lib/libG4mctruth.dylib
ld: warning: search path '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:' not found
...

make过程中的报错，似乎是忘记安装qt5了。总之先继续下去吧，看能不能打开example B1。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % make install

继续等待。完成安装后

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ../G4_install/share/Geant4/
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % mkidr data
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cp ~/Downloads/G4DATA/* ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4ABLA3.3 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4CHANNELING1.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4EMLOW8.6.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4ENSDFSTATE3.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4INCL1.2 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4NDL4.7.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4NUDEXLIB1.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4PARTICLEXS4.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4PII1.3 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4SAIDDATA2.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4TENDL1.4 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4URRPT1.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/PhotonEvaporation6.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/RadioactiveDecay6.1.2 is a directory (not copied).
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd data 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % ls
G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz		G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz		G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz		G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz		G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz		G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz		G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz
G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz		G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz
G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % cd ~/Downloads/G4DATA 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % ls
G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz		G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz		G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz		G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz		G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz		G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz		G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz
G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz		G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz
G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % tar -xf *.tar.gz ~/Geant4/G4_install 
tar: G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4PII.1.3.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install: Not found in archive
tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors.

我把下载的DATA文件全放在一个文件夹G4DATA中，本来以为可以tar一次性解压，但似乎不能用tar -xf *.tar.gz，在网上搜索之后发现可以用for tar in *.tar.gz; do tar xvf $tar; done一次性解压多个tar.gz文件。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % for tar in *.tar.gz;  do tar xvf $tar; done

运行完成之后，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % ls
G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz		G4PARTICLEXS4.1
G4ABLA3.3			G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz		G4PII1.3
G4CHANNELING1.0			G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz		G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
G4EMLOW8.6.1			G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz		G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
G4ENSDFSTATE3.0			G4SAIDDATA2.0
G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz		G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz
G4INCL1.2			G4TENDL1.4
G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz		G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz
G4NDL4.7.1			G4URRPT1.1
G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz		PhotonEvaporation6.1
G4NUDEXLIB1.0			RadioactiveDecay6.1.2
G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz

其实应该在Geant4的data目录下解压，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data/
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % for tar in *.tar.gz;  do tar xvf $tar; done
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % rm *.tar.gz
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % ls
G4ABLA3.3			G4PII1.3
G4CHANNELING1.0			G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4EMLOW8.6.1			G4SAIDDATA2.0
G4ENSDFSTATE3.0			G4TENDL1.4
G4INCL1.2			G4URRPT1.1
G4NDL4.7.1			PhotonEvaporation6.1
G4NUDEXLIB1.0			RadioactiveDecay6.1.2
G4PARTICLEXS4.1

这样data数据应该就准备好了。现在看看example B1能不能运行。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % cd ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
data		examples	fonts		geant4make	tools.license
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd examples/basic/B1 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % mkdir build
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % cd build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found EXPAT: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/usr/lib/libexpat.tbd (found suitable version "2.5.0", minimum required is "2.5.0")
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Found OpenGL: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework
-- Found Geant4: /Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/lib/cmake/Geant4/Geant4Config.cmake (found version "11.1.2")
-- Configuring done (1.4s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1/build
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % make 
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1/exampleB1.cc:79:25: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'G4VisExecutive'
  auto visManager = new G4VisExecutive(argc, argv);
                        ^              ~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.icc:126:17: note: candidate constructor not viable: allows at most single argument 'verbosityString', but 2 arguments were provided
G4VisExecutive::G4VisExecutive (const G4String& verbosityString):
                ^
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.hh:119:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
class G4VisExecutive: public G4VisManager {
      ^
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

报错与可视化有关，可能是因为没安装qt5，但是我在思考，为什么我的旧的Geant4可以运行。也有可能是环境变量的问题，先设置一下变量再看看。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro ~ % nano .zshrc

看一眼zshrc的配置文件

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6
7source ~/Documents/Geant4/install/bin/geant4.sh
8
9alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Documents/Geant4/install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

可以看见是有qt5的，可是Geant4的环境变量没有修改。先修改环境变量试试。

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6
7source ~//Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
8
9alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

control x 退出，y 回车两次保存。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % mkdir build2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % cd build2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build2 % cmake ../
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build2 % make
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1/exampleB1.cc:79:25: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'G4VisExecutive'
  auto visManager = new G4VisExecutive(argc, argv);
                        ^              ~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.icc:126:17: note: candidate constructor not viable: allows at most single argument 'verbosityString', but 2 arguments were provided
G4VisExecutive::G4VisExecutive (const G4String& verbosityString):
                ^
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.hh:119:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
class G4VisExecutive: public G4VisManager {
      ^
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

还是报错，回头发现配置文件写错了，多写了个/。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % mkdir build3
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % cd build3 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % cmake ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % make 
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
[ 25%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/ActionInitialization.cc.o
[ 37%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/DetectorConstruction.cc.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/EventAction.cc.o
[ 62%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/PrimaryGeneratorAction.cc.o
[ 75%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/RunAction.cc.o
[ 87%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/SteppingAction.cc.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable exampleB1
ld: warning: search path '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:' not found
[100%] Built target exampleB1
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % ./exampleB1

并没有出现可视化窗口，然后才注意到刚刚的报错，还是没找到qt5，但是我这台电脑应该是有qt5的，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % ls /opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/
Frameworks			doc
INSTALL_RECEIPT.json		include
LICENSE.FDL			lib
LICENSE.GPL3-EXCEPT		libexec
LICENSE.GPLv2			mkspecs
LICENSE.GPLv3			phrasebooks
LICENSE.LGPLv21			plugins
LICENSE.LGPLv3			qml
LICENSE.QT-LICENSE-AGREEMENT	share
README				translations
bin

发现是有这个目录的，还是环境变量问题。听ai的修改成：

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONF$
 5
 6export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 7export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib $LDFLAGS"
 8export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/include $CPPFLAGS"
 9export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
10
11
12source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
13
14alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

然后

source ~/.zshrc

再次make example B1结果还是不行。

搜到一篇帖子说G4不支持在zsh中执行，只能bash中执行，我先看看我的.bashrc。

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.10/
7
8source /Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/bin/geant4.sh

修改一下，

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.10/
7
8source /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh

修改之后运行还是不对，而且我记得两年前我用zsh运行过example B1。又在网上搜了一堆之后发现可能是关联cmake的时候没有开启GEANT4_USE_QT，现在重新cmake安装试试。删掉旧的build文件夹，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2

折腾一个小时后，发现还是zshrc配置文件写错了。修改后的.zshrc文件如下。

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 5
 6export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
 7export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFLAGS}"
 8export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:$PK$
 9export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"
10
11#export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH"
12#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:$LDFLAGS"
13#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include:$CPPFLAGS"
14#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
15
16#export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
17
18#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
19#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib $LDFLAGS"

而且我发现source ~/.zshrc 后会导致$LDFLAGS等相同路径重复多次，重启终端则是正常的。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % make

目前没有报warning了，所以大概还是ld: warning: search path ‘/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:’ not found这个报错的原因，路径最后含有冒号，按照ai的修改意见改了.zshrc之后就不提示这个warning了。然而这个文件两年了一直没动过，想不起来两年前怎么安装的Geant4了。 make完操作跟上面一样，先make install，然后拷贝data文件，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % cmake ..   
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % make -j4
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % ./exampleB1

exampleB1 终于搞定了，泪目，每次安装都是全新体验。

明天再写吧累了踩坑写完后给个总结我会放在最前面大概就是

下载源码和依赖
qt5环境
安装
拷贝data
geant4环境
运行example B1

6月24日晚我来写总结部分的时候发现我的.zshrc文件alias部分写错了，是拼写错误。而且之前折腾的时候测试的一些注释掉的行也没有删除，显得很乱。

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 5
 6export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
 7export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFLAGS}"
 8export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH}"
 9export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"
10
11#export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH"
12#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:$LDFLAGS"
13#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include:$CPPFLAGS"
14#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
15
16#export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
17
18#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
19#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib $LDFLAGS"
20#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/include $CPPFLAGS"
21#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
22
23
24source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
25
26alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

不过这一行相当于给cmake换了个名字，我不运行g4cmake的话倒是没什么问题。但是直接cmake也行，感觉用处不大，直接删掉了。我最后的配置文件是，

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG$
 5
 6export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
 7export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFL$
 8export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CO$
 9export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"
10
11#export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
12
13source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh

注释掉的几行对未来可能有帮助，我就留下来。